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The Kam language, also known as Gam (autonym: ''lix Gaeml''), or in Chinese, ''Dong'' or ''Tung-Chia'', is the language of the Dong people. ''Ethnologue'' distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages.〔 ==Dialects== The Kam language can be divided into two major subdivisions, Southern Kam and Northern Kam (Yang & Edmondson 2008).〔Yang Tongyin and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Kam." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008.〕 Northern Kam displays more Chinese influence and lacks vowel length contrast, while Southern Kam is more conservative. Language varieties closely related to or part of Kam include Cao Miao and Naxi Yao. A northern Pinghua variety called Bendihua, spoken in Tongdao County, Hunan, has also been significantly influenced by Kam. ;Southern Kam *First lectal area: Róngjiāng Zhānglǔ (榕江县章鲁村), Lípíng Hóngzhōu (黎平县洪州镇), Jǐnpíng Qǐméng (锦屏县启蒙镇) in Guizhou; Tōngdào (通道县) in Hunan; Longsheng (龙胜县) and Sanjiang Dudong (三江侗族自治县独峒乡) in Guangxi *Second lectal area: Lípíng Shuǐkǒu (黎平县水口镇), Cóngjiāng Guàndòng (从江县贯洞镇), Róngjiāng Píngjiāng (榕江县平江乡) in Guizhou; Sānjiāng Hélǐ (三江侗族自治县和里村) in Guangxi *Third lectal area: Zhènyuǎn Bàojīng (镇远县报京乡) in Guizhou *Fourth lectal area: Róngshuǐ (融水苗族自治县) in Guangxi ;Northern Kam *First lectal area: Tiānzhù Shídòng (天柱县石洞镇), Sānsuì Kuǎnchǎng (三穗县款场), Jiànhé Xiǎoguǎng (剑河县小广侗寨) in Guizhou *Second lectal area: Tiānzhù Zhǔxī (天柱县注溪乡) in Guizhou *Third lectal area: Jǐnpíng Dàtóng (锦屏县大同乡) in Guizhou Long (2012:19-20)〔Long Yaohong (). 2012. ''( A study of Dong dialectology ) (Dongyu fangyin yanjiu )''. Ph.D. dissertation, Shanghai Normal University (). http://www.taodocs.com/p-5926320.html〕 classifies the Kam lectal areas (dialects) as follows. ;Southern Kam *Lectal area 1 * *Chejiang, Rongjiang County 榕江县车江 * *Longcheng, Tongdao County 通道县陇城 * *Pingdeng, Longsheng County 龙胜县平等 * *Chengyang, Sanjiang County 三江县程阳 * *Hongzhou, Liping County 黎平县洪州 *Lectal area 2 * *Zhaihao, Rongjiang County 榕江县寨蒿 * *Shuikou, Liping County 黎平县水口 * *Guidong, Congjiang County 从江县贵洞 * *Heli, Sanjiang County 三江县和里 *Lectal area 3 * *Zhaihuai, Rongshui County 融水县寨怀 *Lectal area 4 * *Pindong, Rongshui County 融水县聘洞 ;Northern Kam *Lectal area 1 (Highland Dong 高坡侗) * *Shidong, Tianzhu County 天柱县石洞 * *Kuanchang, Sansui County 三穗县款场 * *Jiuzhai, Jinping County 锦屏县九寨 * *Xiaoguang, Jianhe County 剑河县小广 *Lectal area 2 (River Dong 河边侗) * *Datong, Jinping County 锦屏县大同 * *Sanmentang, Tianzhu County 天柱县三门塘 * *Lannichong, Jingzhou County 靖州县烂泥冲 *Lectal area 3 * *Zhuxi, Tianzhu County 天柱县注溪 * *Zhongzhai, Xinhuang County 新晃县中寨 *Lectal area 4 * *Qimeng, Jinping County 锦屏县启蒙 *Lectal area 5 * *Baojing, Zhenyuan County 镇远县抱京 In Congjiang County, Dong consists of three dialects: ''Jiudong '' 九洞 (similar to Chejiang 车江 Dong), ''Liudong'' 六洞 (similar to Liping 黎平 Dong), and another dialect spoken in Xishan 西山, Bingmei 丙梅, and Guandong 贯洞 (similar to Sanjiang 三江 Dong) (''Congjiang County Almanac'' 1999:109). In Suining County, Hunan, Dong is spoken in Lianfeng 联丰 (including Duolong 多龙村), Huangsangping 黄桑坪, Le'anpu 乐安铺, and other nearby locations.〔''Suining County Almanac'' (1997)〕 In Chengbu County, Hunan, Dong is spoken in Yanzhai 岩寨, Chang'anying 长安营, and Jiangtousi 江头司.〔''Shaoyang Prefecture Almanac'' (1997)〕 Kam is also spoken in the single village of Đồng Mộc, Trung Sơn Commune, Yên Sơn District, Tuyên Quang Province, northern Vietnam,〔http://danviet.vn/que-nha/nguoi-tong-o-dong-moc/112705p1c29.htm〕 where there are about 35 Kam people (Edmondson & Gregerson 2001).〔Edmondson, J.A. and Gregerson, K.J. 2001, "Four Languages of the Vietnam-China Borderlands", in ''Papers from the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society'', ed. K.L. Adams and T.J. Hudak, Tempe, Arizona, pp. 101-133. Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies.〕 The Kam of Đồng Mộc had migrated to Vietnam from China about 150 years ago. The Kam variety spoken in Đồng Mộc is most similar to that of Lípíng Shuǐkǒu (黎平县水口镇) in southeastern Guizhou, China. In China, a total of six counties designated as Dong Autonomous Counties (侗族自治县). *Yuping Dong Autonomous County, Guizhou *Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Guangxi *Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan *Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan *Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan *Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kam language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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